Isixazululo

I-Sepiolite uhlobo lwamaminerali olunesimo sefayibha, okuyisakhiwo sefayibha esisuka ngokushintshana odongeni lwe-pore ye-polyhedral kanye nesiteshi se-pore. Isakhiwo sefayibha siqukethe isakhiwo esinezingqimba, esakhiwe yizingqimba ezimbili ze-Si-O-Si bond exhunywe nge-silicon oxide tetrahedron kanye ne-octahedron equkethe i-magnesium oxide phakathi, yakha i-pore ye-honeycomb engu-0.36 nm × 1.06nm. Ukusetshenziswa kwezimboni kwe-Sepiolite kuvame ukudingaumshini wokugaya we-sepiolite impuphu ezogaywa ibe yimpuphu ye-sepiolite. I-HCMilling (Guilin Hongcheng) ingumkhiqizi ochwepheshe we umshini wokugaya we-sepioliteIsethi yonke yemishini yethu umshini wokugaya we-sepiolite Umugqa wokukhiqiza usetshenziswe kabanzi emakethe. Siyakwamukela ukuze ufunde kabanzi ku-inthanethi. Okulandelayo yisingeniso sokusetshenziswa kwempuphu ye-sepiolite:

1. Izakhiwo ze-sepiolite

(1) Izakhiwo zokumuncwa kwe-sepiolite

I-Sepiolite iyisakhiwo esikhethekile esinezilinganiso ezintathu esinendawo enkulu ethile kanye ne-porosity enezingqimba, exhunyelelwa yi-SiO2 tetrahedron kanye ne-Mg-O octahedron. Kukhona futhi izikhungo eziningi ze-acidic [SiO4] alkaline [MgO6] ebusweni bayo, ngakho-ke i-sepiolite inamandla okufaka i-adsorption.

Isakhiwo sekristalu se-Sepiolite sinezindawo ezintathu ezihlukene zesikhungo sokumunca:

Eyokuqala yi-athomu ye-O ku-tetrahedron ye-Si-O;

Okwesibili ama-molecule amanzi ahambisana ne-Mg2+ emaphethelweni e-octahedron ye-Mg-O, ikakhulukazi akha izibopho ze-hydrogen nezinye izinto;

Okwesithathu yinhlanganisela yesibopho se-Si OH, ekhiqizwa ukuphuka kwesibopho se-silicon oxygen ku-tetrahedron ye-SiO2 futhi ithola i-proton noma i-hydrocarbon molecule ukuze ibuyisele amandla angekho. Isibopho se-Si OH ku-sepiolite singasebenzisana nama-molecule afakwe ebusweni bawo ukuze kuqiniswe ukumuncwa, futhi singakha izibopho ze-covalent nezinto ezithile eziphilayo.

(2) Ukuzinza kokushisa kwe-sepiolite

I-Sepiolite iwubumba olungaphili olunokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu okuzinzile. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisa kancane kancane kusukela ekushiseni okuphansi kuya ekushiseni okuphezulu, isakhiwo sekristalu se-sepiolite sidlule ezigabeni ezine zokunciphisa isisindo:

Uma izinga lokushisa langaphandle lifinyelela cishe ku-100 ℃, ama-molecule amanzi azolahleka yi-sepiolite esigabeni sokuqala angamanzi e-zeolite ezimbotsheni, kanti ukulahlekelwa kwale ngxenye yama-molecule amanzi kufinyelela cishe ku-11% wesisindo esiphelele se-sepiolite.

Uma izinga lokushisa langaphandle lifinyelela ku-130 ℃ kuya ku-300 ℃, i-sepiolite esigabeni sesibili izolahlekelwa yingxenye yokuqala yamanzi okuxhumana ne-Mg2+, okungaba ngu-3% wobunzima bayo.

Uma izinga lokushisa langaphandle lifinyelela ku-300 ℃ kuya ku-500 ℃, i-sepiolite esigabeni sesithathu izolahlekelwa yingxenye yesibili yamanzi okuxhumana ne-Mg2+.

Uma izinga lokushisa langaphandle lifinyelela ngaphezu kuka-500 ℃, amanzi esakhiwo (- OH) ahlanganiswe ne-octahedron ngaphakathi azolahleka esigabeni sesine. Isakhiwo sefayibha se-sepiolite kulesi sigaba sibhujiswe ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke inqubo ayinakuguqulwa.

(3) Ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-sepiolite

I-Sepiolite ngokwemvelo inokumelana okuhle kwe-asidi kanye ne-alkali. Uma isendaweni ene-pH yesisombululo<3 noma>10, isakhiwo sangaphakathi se-sepiolite sizobola. Uma siphakathi kuka-3-10, i-sepiolite ikhombisa ukuzinza okuqinile. Ibonisa ukuthi i-sepiolite inokumelana okuqinile kwe-asidi kanye ne-alkali, okuyisizathu esibalulekile sokuthi i-sepiolite isetshenziswe njengengqikithi ye-inorganic ukulungiselela i-Maya njengombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

(4) Izakhiwo ze-catalytic ze-sepiolite

I-Sepiolite iyisithwali se-catalyst esishibhile futhi esisebenzayo. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthi i-sepiolite ingathola indawo ephezulu yobuso kanye nesakhiwo sayo esinezimbobo ngemuva kokuguqulwa kwe-asidi, okuyizimo ezinhle zokusetshenziswa kwe-sepiolite njengesithwali se-catalyst. I-Sepiolite ingasetshenziswa njengesithwali ukwakha i-photocatalyst esebenza kahle kakhulu nge-TiO2, esetshenziswa kabanzi ekufakweni kwe-hydrogenation, oxidation, denitrification, desulfurization, njll.

(5) Ukushintshaniswa kwe-ion kwe-sepiolite

Indlela yokushintshanisa ama-ion isebenzisa amanye ama-cation ensimbi ane-polarization enamandla ukuze ithathe indawo ye-Mg2+ ekugcineni kwe-octahedron esakhiweni se-sepiolite, ngaleyo ndlela ishintshe isikhala sayo sezingqimba kanye ne-acidity ebusweni, futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kwe-adsorption ye-sepiolite. Ama-ion ensimbi e-sepiolite abuswa ama-ion e-magnesium, anenani elincane lama-ion e-aluminium kanye nenani elincane lama-cation. Ukwakheka okukhethekile kanye nesakhiwo se-sepiolite kwenza kube lula ukuthi ama-cation esakhiweni sawo ashintshane namanye ama-cation.

(6) Izakhiwo ze-Rheological ze-sepiolite

I-Sepiolite ngokwayo iyisimo senduku encane, kodwa iningi layo liqongelelwe laba yizinqwaba ngendlela engajwayelekile. Lapho i-sepiolite incibilika emanzini noma kwezinye izinyibilikisi ze-polar, lezi zinqwaba zizohlakazeka ngokushesha futhi zihlangane ngokungahlelekile ukuze zakhe inethiwekhi yefayibha eyinkimbinkimbi enokugcinwa okungajwayelekile kwe-solvent. Lezi zinhlobo zenethiwekhi zakha ukumiswa okune-rheology enamandla kanye ne-viscosity ephezulu, okubonisa izakhiwo ezihlukile ze-rheological ze-sepiolite.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-sepiolite inezici zokuvikela ukushisa, ukususa umbala, ukuvimbela ilangabi kanye nokwanda, okunenani elikhulu lokusetshenziswa emkhakheni wezimboni.

2. Ukusetshenziswa Okuyinhloko kwe-Sepioliteinqubo yempuphu nguI-Sepioliteumshini wokugaya

Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo komnotho waseShayina, isidingo semakethe sezinto ezinobungani nemvelo, ezinenani eliphezulu siyakhula. I-Sepiolite uhlobo lwezinto ezingaphili ezinokuqina okuhle ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esikhethekile sekristalu, esingenakho ukungcola, esinobungani nemvelo futhi esishibhile. Ngemva kokucutshungulwa ngomshini wokugaya i-sepiolite, ingasetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yezimboni, njengokwakha, ubuchwepheshe be-ceramic, ukulungiswa kwe-catalyst, ukwenziwa kwe-pigment, ukuhluzwa kwe-petroleum, ukuvikelwa kwemvelo, amapulasitiki, njll., okunomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni zaseShayina. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abantu sebeqalile ukunaka kakhulu ukusetshenziswa okusha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-sepiolite, futhi basheshise ukwakhiwa kochungechunge lwemboni ye-sepiolite oluyinkimbinkimbi ukuxazulula ukushoda kwamanje kwe-sepiolite emakethe Inani eliphansi lemikhiqizo.